Cannabidiol reduces lung injury induced by hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in newborn piglets.

BackgroundBrain hypoxic-ischemic (HI) damage induces distant inflammatory lung damage in newborn pigs. We aimed to investigate the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) on lung damage in this scenario.MethodsNewborn piglets received intravenous vehicle, CBD, or CBD+WAY100635 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist) after HI brain damage (carotid flow interruption and FiO2 0.10 for 30 min). Total lung compliance (TLC), oxygenation index (OI), and extravascular lung water content (EVLW) were monitored for 6 h. Histological damage, interleukin (IL)-1ß concentration, and oxidative stress were assessed in brain and lung tissue. Total protein content was determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).ResultsCBD prevented HI-induced deleterious effects on TLC and OI and reduced lung histological damage, modulating inflammation (decreased leukocyte infiltration and IL-1 concentration) and reducing protein content in BALF and EVLW. These effects were related to CBD-induced anti-inflammatory changes in the brain. HI did not increase oxidative stress in the lungs. In the lungs, WAY100635 blunted the beneficial effects of CBD on histological damage, IL-1 concentration, and EVLW.ConclusionsCBD reduced brain HI-induced distant lung damage, with 5-HT1A receptor involvement in these effects. Whether the effects of CBD on the lungs were due to the anti-inflammatory effects on the brain or due to the direct effects on the lungs remains to be elucidated.

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage induces distant inflammatory lung injury in newborn piglets.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate whether neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury induces inflammatory lung damage. METHODS: Thus, hypoxic (HYP, FiO2 10% for 30 min), ischemic (ISC, bilateral carotid flow interruption for 30 min), or HI event was performed in 1-2-d-old piglets. Dynamic compliance (Cdyn), oxygenation index (OI), and extravascular lung water (EVLW) were monitored for 6 h. Then, histologic damage was assessed in brain and lung (lung injury severity score). Total protein content (TPC) was determined in broncoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and IL-1ß concentration was measured in lung and brain tissues and blood. RESULTS: Piglets without hypoxia or ischemia served as controls (SHM). HI-induced brain damage was associated with decreased Cdyn, increased OI and EVLW, and histologic lung damage (interstitial leukocyte infiltration, congestive hyperemia, and interstitial edema). BALF TPC was increased, suggesting inflammatory damage. In agreement, tissue IL-1ß concentration increased in the brain and lung, in correspondence with increased IL-1ß serum concentration. Neither HYP nor ISC alone led to brain or lung damage. CONCLUSION: HI brain damage in newborn piglets led to inflammatory lung damage, suggesting an additional mechanism accounting for the development of lung dysfunction after neonatal HI encephalopathy.

The role of postmortem study in the diagnosis of the cause of death in a young man: a rare case of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV.

Diagnosis of the cause of death in young people is a challenge to both the clinician and the pathologist. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV is an inherited connective tissue disorder. It is characterised by thin translucent skin, abnormal fragility of blood vessels, and a typical facial appearance. The cause of death is usually due to large arterial rupture. We describe an unusual case of a 23-year-old man clinically diagnosed with myocarditis, who suffered from recurrent pulmonary haemorrhage and died of massive myocardial haemorrhage and ischaemia without coronary artery disease. Diagnosis of EDS type IV was made by autopsy. To our knowledge, this is the first such report in the literature. Delay in diagnosing this syndrome is common even when clinical features are typical, and the condition often goes unrecognised until necropsy. The diagnosis of EDS should be considered in young people who seek medical attention because of arterial rupture.

Endometriosis y diverticulosis apendicular: a propósito de un caso / Endometriosis and diverticula of the appendix. Report of a case

La presencia de divertículos y endometriosis en el apéndice es un hallazgo poco frecuente. Presentamos un caso de una mujer en la cual ambas patologías coexisten. Tanto la endome-triosis como la diverticulosis apendicular suelen presentarse clínicamente simulando un cuadro de apendicitis aguda y el diagnóstico definitivo es anatomopatológico (AU)

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Torsión de la trompa de falopio en una mujer gestante simulando apendicitis / Torsion of the fallopian tube mimicking appendicitis in a pregnant woman

La torsión aislada de la trompa de Falopio es una entidad poco frecuente. Debido a la dificultad para realizar un diagnóstico prequirúrgico, los hallazgos ecográficos de este proceso son habitualmente poco conocidos. Presentamos un caso de torsión de la trompa con un quiste asociado describiendo los hallazgos ecográficos de nuestro caso y los encontrados en la bibliografía (AU)